![]() ![]() Next, we examined the relationship between greater adherence and improved clinical outcomes, finding that greater adherence was associated with greater reductions in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. In addition, high assessment was associated with a marginal, positive trend in adherence over time while low assessment was associated with a marginal, negative trend. In contrast, high locomotion was associated with generally stronger adherence although it exhibited a quadratic longitudinal trend. Specifically, low locomotion was associated with unchanging levels of adherence during the course of the study. Important individual differences in longitudinal trends of adherence, operationalized as points earned for healthy behavior, over the course of the 13-week study period were found. We developed a gamified mHealth tool (DiaSocial) aimed at encouraging tracking of glucose control, exercise, nutrition, and medication adherence. A 13-week pilot study investigated the effectiveness of an mHealth app in improving health behaviors among older veterans ( n = 27) with poorly controlled Type 2 diabetes. Drawing from regulatory mode theory, we tested the role of locomotion and assessment in explaining why mHealth tools are effective for some but not everyone. The aim of this study was to address a gap in the mHealth and health psychology literatures by investigating how individual differences in psychological traits are associated with mHealth effectiveness. MHealth tools to help people manage chronic illnesses have surged in popularity, but evidence of their effectiveness remains mixed.
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